skip to content

Geotechnical and Environmental Research Group

 

Biography

Professor Bolton is retired and is no longer accepting students.

Malcolm Bolton graduated in Engineering from Cambridge University in 1967 and subsequently took an MSc by research in structural engineering from Manchester University and a PhD in soil mechanics from Cambridge University. His career in geotechnical engineering started in Manchester (at UMIST) in 1969 where he helped Andrew Schofield to develop the UK’s first geotechnical centrifuge.  He became a Lecturer in 1970 and stayed a further 10 years at UMIST, publishing his book “A guide to Soil Mechanics” in 1979. He returned to Cambridge in 1980, ultimately becoming Professor of Soil Mechanics, Director of the Schofield Centre for Geotechnical Process and Construction Modelling, and Head of the Geotechnical and Environmental Group in the Department of Engineering. In accordance with University Statutes he retired in 2013.

He is the author of over 240 publications covering the fundamental mechanics of granular materials and a wide variety of civil engineering applications from tunnels through foundations, and from earthquake effects to landslide hazard reduction. He served on the drafting panel of the UK Code of Practice on Earth Retaining Structures, BS 8002 (1994), and on the Slope Stability Technical Review Board of the Hong Kong Government. Professor Bolton was founding chairman of ISSMGE TC105 “Geomechanics from Micro to Macro”, holding the post for 12 years. He was also the founding chairman of the International Press-In Association, concerned with new technology for jacked piles. Professor Bolton holds various prizes from the UK Institutions of Civil Engineers and Structural Engineers: a British Geotechnical Association Prize, a Telford Premium, the T K Hsieh Award (twice), an Oscar Faber Award, and the Sir Benjamin Baker silver medal. He is a Fellow of the UK Royal Academy of Engineering.

Professor Bolton gave the 52nd Rankine Lecture in London in 2012 with the title “Performance-Based Design in Geotechnical Engineering”, and gave the 1st Schofield Lecture entitled “Centrifuge Modelling: Expecting the Unexpected” to the 18th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering in Paris in 2013. He gave a valedictory lecture entitled "What can geotechnical engineers learn from granular mechanics?" at the International Symposium on Geomechanics from Micro to Macro, IS-Cambridge, in 2014.

 

Academic goal

To de-mystify soil mechanics and provide useful tools for prediction and decision-making by observing and comprehending mechanisms of behaviour, both of geo-materials and geo-systems.

Research

  1. Using Discrete Element Modelling (DEM) to clarify the behaviour of granular materials by relating the evolving deformability and strength of an assembly of grains to the elementary characteristics of a grain and of the assembly.
     
  2. Characterization of the non-linear stiffness and strength of soils in terms of easily measured parameters, by the statistical fitting of algebraic expressions to the data of published element tests.
     
  3. Using centrifuge model tests to clarify the behavioural mechanisms of geotechnical constructions – including shallow foundations, pipelines, piles, retaining walls, slopes, excavations and tunnels – during their construction, normal service, and exceptional loading.
     
  4. Developing Mobilizable Strength Design (MSD), by which the principle of the conservation of energy is applied to simplified deformation mechanisms so as to predict ground and structural distortions.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
  5. Applying MSD to case studies of field construction and loading for a variety of applications, to confirm its applicability through back-analyses, and to derive dimensionless charts for future design and decision-making.                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
  6. By developing objective tools for the prediction of both the deformation and failure of geotechnical constructions, advocate performance-based design methods which can replace existing methods based on cautious estimates of soil strength and arbitrary safety factors.

Publications

Key publications: 

Publications

Last updated March 2019.

Copyright of the papers below rests with a variety of different parties. They are made available solely on the same basis that I would supply a single copy of a paper to an individual. It is up to you to ensure that your use of a paper does not infringe copyright law.

 

1. Bolton M.D. (1969) The influence of cladding on the elastic critical load of three-dimensional building frames, M.Sc. dissertation, Manchester University.Paper as PDF (2,611k)

2. Bolton M.D., English R., Hird C.C. and Schofield A.N. (1973) Ground displacements in centrifugal models, Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Moscow, 1.2, 65-70. Paper as PDF (11,200k)

3. Bolton M.D., English R., Hird C.C. and Schofield A.N. (1973) Modelling, Proceedings of Symposium on Plasticity and Soil Mechanics, Cambridge. Paper as PDF (947k)

4. Bolton M.D., Choudhury S.P. and Pang P.L.R. (1978) Reinforced earth walls: a centrifugal model study, Proceedings of Symposium on Earth Reinforcement, Pittsburgh, American Society of Civil Engineers, 252-281. Paper as PDF (1,660k)

5. Bolton M.D. (1979) A Guide to Soil Mechanics, Macmillan, London, 439 pages; reprinted by Chung Hwa Books, and published by M.D. and K. Bolton in 1991 and 1998 - available to order from mdb8@cam.ac.uk.

6. Bolton M.D. (1981) Limit state design in geotechnical engineering, Ground Engineering, 14, No.6, 39-46. Paper as PDF (1,350k)

7. Bolton M.D. and Pang P.L.R. (1982) Collapse limit states of reinforced earth retaining walls, Geotechnique, 32, No.4, 349-367. Paper as PDF (1,677k)

8. Bolton M.D. and Steedman R.S. (1982) Centrifugal testing of micro-concrete retaining walls subject to base shaking, Proceedings of Conference on Soil dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Southampton, 1, 311-329, Balkema. Paper as PDF (1,100k)

9. Bolton M.D. (1983) Eurocodes and the geotechnical engineer, Ground Engineering, 16, No.3, p17. Paper as PDF (793k)

10. Bolton M.D. (1984) The development of multi-anchor earth retention systems, Proceedings of Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge Modelling to Geotechnical Design, University of Manchester, 255-271, Balkema. Paper as PDF (5,120k)

11. Bolton M.D. and Steedman R.S. (1984) The behaviour of fixed cantilever walls subject to lateral shaking, Proceedings of Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge Modelling to Geotechnical Design, University of Manchester, 302-314, Balkema. Paper as PDF (1,250k)

12. Bolton M.D. and Mak K.W. (1984) The application of centrifuge models in the study of an interaction problem, Proceedings of Symposium on the Application of Centrifuge Modelling to Geotechnical design, University of Manchester, 402-421, Balkema. Paper as PDF (3.930k)

13. Bolton M.D. and Steedman R.S. (1985) Modelling the seismic resistance of retaining structures, Proceedings 11th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, San Francisco, 4, 1845-1848, Balkema. Paper as PDF (544k)

13B. Bolton M.D.  (1985) Discussion of: Probabilistic characterization of shear strength using results of direct shear tests by S. M. Miller, and L. E. Borgman, Geotechnique 35(2): 231–233. Paper as PDF (321k)

14. Bolton M.D. (1986) The strength and dilatancy of sands, Geotechnique, 36, No.1, 65-78. Paper as PDF (1,115k), Discussion paper as PDF (909k)

15. Bolton M.D. and Powrie W. (1987) The collapse of diaphragm walls retaining clay, Geotechnique, 37, No.3, 335-353. Paper as PDF (2,558k), Discussion paper as PDF (127k)

16. Bolton M.D. and Powrie W. and Stewart D.I. (1987) Effects on diaphragm walls of groundwater pressure rising in clays, Proceedings 9th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Dublin, 2, 759-762, Balkema. Paper as PDF (672k)

17. Bolton M.D. and Lau C.K. (1988) Scale effects arising from particle size, Proceedings International Conference on Geotechnical Centrifugal Modelling, Paris, 127-131, Balkema. Paper as PDF (2,430k)

18. Bolton M.D. and Powrie W. and Stewart D.I. (1988) The design of deep in-situ walls , Proceedings International Conference on Geotechnical Centrifugal Modelling, Paris, 405-414, Balkema. Paper as PDF (1,370k)

19. Bolton M.D. and Powrie W. (1988) Behaviour of diaphragm walls in clay prior to collapse, Geotechnique, 38, No.2, 167-189. Paper as PDF (1,952k)

20. Bolton M.D. and Lau C.K. (1989) Scale effects in the bearing capacity of granular soils, Proceedings 12th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, 2, 895-898, Balkema. Paper as PDF (480k)

21. Bolton M.D. (1989) The development of codes of practice for design, Proceedings 12th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, 3, 2073-2076, Balkema. Paper as PDF (640k)

22. Bolton M.D. and Wilson J.M.R. (1989) An experimental and theoretical comparison between static and dynamic torsional soil tests, Geotechnique, 39, No.4, 585-599. Paper as PDF (1,234k), Discussion paper as PDF (474k)

23. Bolton M.D., Britto A.M., Powrie W. and White T.P. (1989) Finite element analysis of a centrifuge model of a retaining wall embedded in overconsolidated clay, Computers and Geotechnics, 7, 289-318, Elsevier. Paper as PDF (1,429k)

24. Bolton M.D., Powrie W. and Symons I.F. (1989, 1990) The design of in-situ walls retaining overconsolidated clay. Part I, Ground Engineering, 22, No.8, 44-48, 1989; 22, No. 9, 34-40, 1990; Part II, Ground Engineering, 23, No.2, 22-28, 1990. Paper as PDF (1,960k)

25. Bolton M.D. and Wilson J.M.R. (1990) Soil stiffness and damping , International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Eurodyn '90, University of Bochum, 1, 209-216. Paper as PDF (928k)

26. Bolton M.D., Springman S.M. and Sun H.W. (1990) The behaviour of bridge abutments on clay, A.S.C.E. Conference on the Design and Performance of Retaining Structures, Cornell University, 292-306. Paper as PDF (1,620k)

27. Bolton M.D. and Stewart D.I. (1990) The response of nailed walls to the elimination of suction in clay, International Conference on Reinforced Soils, Strathclyde University, 261-264. Paper as PDF (608k)

28. Bolton M.D. (1990) State of the Art Paper: Reinforced Soil: Laboratory testing and Modelling, International Conference on Reinforced Soils, Strathclyde University, 287-298, Balkema.

29. Springman S.M. and Bolton M.D. (1990) The effect of surcharge loading adjacent to piles, TRRL Contractor Report 196.

30. Bolton M.D., Fragaszy R.J., Lee D-M. (1991) Broadening the specification of granular fills, 70th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C., January 1991, in Transport Research Record No. 1309. Paper as PDF (928k)

31. Bolton M.D. and Sun H.W. (1991) The behaviour of bridge abutments on spread foundations, 10th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Florence, 1, 319-322, Balkema. Paper as PDF (608k)

32. Springman S.M., Randolph M.F. and Bolton M.D. (1991) Modelling the behaviour of piles subjected to surcharge loading, Proc. International Conference on Centrifuge Testing, Boulder, Colorado, 253-260, Balkema. Paper as PDF (284k)

33. Bolton M.D. and Sun H.W. (1991) The displacement of bridge abutments on clay, Proceedings International Conference on Centrifuge Testing, Boulder, Colorado, 91-98, Balkema. Paper as PDF (1,030k)

34. Bolton M.D. and Sun H.W. (1991) Designing foundations on clay to limit immediate movements, Proceedings 4th International Conference on Ground Movements and Structures, Cardiff. Paper as PDF (1,090k)

35. Bolton M.D. (1991) Geotechnical stress analysis for bridge abutment design, TRRL Contractor Report 270, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne. Paper as PDF (3.59MB)

36. Bolton M.D. (1991) Geotechnical stress analysis: a possible approach for cantilever retaining walls on spread foundations, TRRL Contractor Report 271, Transport and Road Research Laboratory, Crowthorne. Paper as PDF (1.83MB)

37. Springman S.M., Bolton M.D., Sharma J. and Balachandran (1992) Modelling and instrumentation of a geotextile in the geotechnical centrifuge, Proceedings International Symposium on Earth Reinforcement Practice, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan, 1, 167-172, Balkema. Paper as PDF (3,250k)

38. McKinley J.D. and Bolton M.D. (1992) Discussion on: A mathematical model of permeability alteration around wells, by J.S. Olarewaju, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 16, 887-890. Paper as PDF (320k)

39. Bolton M.D. (1993) Codes, standards and design guides, Proceedings International Conference on Retaining Structures, Institution of Civil Engineers, Robinson College, Cambridge, July 1992; in Retaining Structures, 387-402, Thomas Telford, London. Paper as PDF (1,590k)

40. Bolton M.D. (1993) Design methods, Proc. Wroth Memorial Symposium, Oxford, July 1992; in Prediction and Performance in Geotechnical Engineering, 50-71, Thomas Telford, London. Paper as PDF (2,430k)

41. Bolton M.D., Gui M.W. and Phillips R. (1993) Review of miniature soil probes for model tests, Proceedings 11th South-east Asian Geotechnical Conference, Singapore, 85-90. Paper as PDF (736k)

42. Bolton M.D. (1993) What are partial factors for?, Proc. International Symposium on Limit State Design in Geotechnical Engineering, Copenhagen, Danish Geotechnical Society for ISSMFE TC 23, in DGF Bulletin 10, May, 3, 565-583. Paper as PDF (2197k)

43. Bolton M.D. (1993) Mechanisms of ground deformation due to excavation in clay, Proc. KIGForum '93: Excavation in Urban Areas, Japanese Society Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Kobe City, 2, 1-33. Paper as PDF (3640k)

44. Bolton M.D., Sun H.W. and Britto A.M. (1993) Finite element analyses of bridge abutments on firm clay, Computers and Geotechnics, 15, 221-245. Paper as PDF (1831k)

45. Bolton M.D. and Lee D.M. (1993) Back-analysis of a pilot scale shear test on coarse granular fill, Proc, Int. Conf. on Engineered Fills, Newcastle University, 214-225, Thomas Telford, London. Paper as PDF (1,124k)

46. Bolton M.D. and Lau C.K. (1993) Vertical bearing capacity factors for circular and strip footings on Mohr-Coulomb soil, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 30, 1024-1033. Paper as PDF (1,250k)

47. Bolton M.D. and Stewart D.I. (1994) The effect on propped diaphragm walls of rising groundwater in stiff clay, Geotechnique, 44, No.1, 111-127. Paper as PDF (1,567k)

48. Bolton M.D., Dasari G.R. and Britto A.M. (1994) Putting small-strain non-linearity into Modified Cam Clay model, Proceedings 8th International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Morgantown, West Virginia, 537-542. Paper as PDF (607k)

49. Konig D., Jessberger H.L., Bolton M.D., Phillips R., Bagge G., Renzi R., Garnier J. (1994) Pore pressure measurement during centrifuge model tests: Experience of five laboratories, Proceedings International Conference Centrifuge '94, Singapore, 101-108.

50. Bolton M.D., Sharma J. (1994) Embankments with base reinforcement on soft clay, Proc. International Conference Centrifuge '94, Singapore, 587-592. Paper as PDF (620k)

51. Bolton M.D., Chin C.Y. and Lu Y.C. (1994) Compensation grouting, Proc. International Conference Centrifuge 94, Singapore, 719-724. Paper as PDF (703k)

52. Bolton M.D. and Gui M.W. (1995) Modelling of sand over a wide stress range using FLAC, 10th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Beijing. Paper as PDF (500k)

53. Ng C.W.W., Bolton M.D. and Dasari G.R. (1995) The small strain stiffness of a carbonate stiff clay, Soils and Foundations, 35, No.4, 109-114. Paper as PDF (905k)

54. Dasari G.R., Rawlings C.G. and Bolton M.D. (1996) Numerical modelling of a NATM tunnel construction in London clay, Proceedings International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, City University, Balkema, 491-496. Paper as PDF (1,101k)

55. Bolton M.D, Lu Y.C. and Sharma J.S. (1996) Centrifuge models of tunnel construction and compensation grouting, Proc Int. Symp. on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, City University, Balkema, 471-477. Paper as PDF (709k)

56. El-Hamalawi A., Bolton M.D. and Britto A. (1996) A cubic strain quadrilateral finite element, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 20, 295-302. Paper as PDF (649k)

57. Sharma J.S. and Bolton M.D. (1996) Finite element analysis of centrifuge tests on reinforced embankments on soft clay, Computers and Geotechnics, 19, No 1, 1-22. Paper as PDF (2,241k)

58. Lynch R.J. and Bolton M.D. (1996) A low cost fibre optic pH sensor for the in-situ measurement of groundwater. Proceedings of the International Society of Optical Engineering, (SPIE), 2835 (Advanced Technologies for Environmental Monitoring and Remediation), Denver, Colorado, 221.

59. Sharma J.S. and Bolton M.D. (1996) Centrifuge modelling of an embankment on soft clay reinforced with a geogrid, Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 14, 1-17. Paper as PDF (1,643k)

60. McDowell G.R., Bolton M.D. and Robertson D. (1996) The fractal crushing of granular materials, International Journal of Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 44, No.12, 2079-2102. Paper as PDF (2,323k)

61. Bolton M.D. (1996) Geotechnical design of retaining walls, The Structural Engineer, 74, No. 21, 365-369. Paper as PDF (1,214k)

62. Bolton M.D. and McKinley J. (1997) Geotechnical properties of fresh cement grout - pressure filtration and consolidation tests, Geotechnique, 47, No.2. Paper as PDF (375k)

63. Bolton M.D. and McDowell G.R. (1997) Clastic mechanics, Proceedings IUTAM Symposium on Mechanics of Granular and Porous Materials, Cambridge July 1996, edited by Fleck N.A. and Cocks A.C.F., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 35-46. Paper as PDF (1,311k)

64. McDowell G.R. and Bolton M.D. (1997) A micro-mechanical model for over-consolidated behaviour in soils, Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Poweders and Grains, Durham North Carolina,in Powders and Grains '97, Edited by Behringer R.P. and Jenkins J.T., 203-206, Balkema. Paper as PDF (542k)

65. Bolton M.D. and Barefoot A.J. (1997) The variation of critical pipeline trench back-fill properties, Proceedings of IBC Conference on Risk-Based and Limit State Design and Operation of Pipelines, Aberdeen, May. Paper as PDF (1,363k)

66. Robertson D. and Bolton M.D. (1997) Densification by successive crushing of grains, 6th International Conference on Numerical Models in Geomechanics - NUMOG VI, Montreal. Paper as PDF (919k)

67. Davies R.O. and Bolton M.D. (1997) Strength of post-liquefaction flows - a speculative velocity-dependent model, Proceedings 9th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Wuhan, China. Paper as PDF (648k)

68. Robertson D., Bolton M.D. and McDowell G.R. (1997) A numerical representation of fracturing granular materials, International Journal of Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 21, No. 12. Paper as PDF (275k)

69. Gui M.W., Bolton M.D., Garnier J., Corte J.F., Bagge G., Laue J., Renzi R. (1998) Guidelines for cone penetration tests in sand. Proceedings International Conference Centrifuge '98, Tokyo, 1, 155-160. Paper as PDF (596k)

70. McDowell G.R. and Bolton M.D. (1998) On the micro-mechanics of crushable aggregates. Geotechnique, 48, No. 5, 667-679. Paper as PDF (562k), Discussion paper as PDF (238k)

71. Gui M.W. and Bolton M.D. (1998) Geometry and scale effects in CPT and pile design. Proceedings 1st International Conferenc on Site Characterisation, ISC '98, Atlanta, 1063-1068. Paper as PDF (582k)

72. Omine K., Ochiai H. and Bolton M.D. (1998) Generalised two-phase mixture model and its application to composite ground. Memoir of Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 58, No. 2, 83-109.

73. Treadaway A.C.J., Lynch R.J., Bolton M.D. & Barker H. (1998) Pollutant tracking with in-situ fibre-optic photometric sensors in a geotechnical centrifuge. Proc. Third international congress on environmental geotechnics, Lisbon, S E Pinto (ed), 2, 441-447, Balkema, Rotterdam. Paper as PDF (894k)

74. Garnier J., Thorel L., Lynch R.J., Bolton M.D., Kechavarzi C., Treadaway A.C.J., Coumolos H., Soga K., Konig D., Rezzoug A., Heibrock G., Weststrate F., Van der Poel J., Oung O., Schrijver R., Taylor R.N., Robson S., Spiessl S., Allersma H., Esposito G., Davies M.C., Burkhart S., Merrifield C. & Craig W. (1998) NECER: Network of european centrifuges for environmental geotechnic research. Centrifuge '98, Tokyo, eds: T Kimura, G Kusakabe, and J Takemura,: Special lectures and report , 2, 33-55, Balkema, Rotterdam.Paper as PDF (5,263k)

75. Treadaway A.C.J., Lynch R.J. and Bolton M.D. (1998) Pollution transport studies using an in-situ fibre optic photometric sensor. Engineering Geology, 53, 195-204. Paper as PDF (589k)

76. Pena A., Bolton M.D. and Pickard J.D. (1998) Cellular poro-elasticity: A theoretical model for soft tissue mechanics. Proceedings of the Biot Conference on Poromechanics, Louvain, Belgium, 475-480, Balkema. Paper as PDF (342k)

76A. Bruton D.A.S., Bolton M.D. and Nicholson C.T (1998) Poseidon Project - Pipeline design for weak clay. Offshore Pipeline Technology 1998, 1-21. Paper as PDF (467k)

77. Bolton M.D. and Whittle R.W. (1999) A non-linear elastic / perfectly plastic analysis for plane strain undrained expansion tests. Geotechnique, 49, No. 1, 133-141. Paper as PDF (629k)

78. McDowell, G.R. and Bolton, M.D. (1999) A micro mechanical model for isotropic cyclic loading of isotropically clastically compressed soil. Granular Matter 1, No. 4, 183-193.

79. Bolton M.D., Gui M.W., Garnier J., Corte J.F., Bagge G., Laue J. and Renzi R. (1999) Centrifuge cone penetration tests in sand. Geotechnique, 49, No. 4, 543-552. Paper as PDF (515k)

80. Pena A., Bolton M.D., Whitehouse H. and Pickard J.D. (1999) Effects of brain ventricular shape on periventricular biomechanics: A finite element analysis. Neurosurgery, 45, No. 1, 107-118. Paper as PDF (1,485k)

81. Gourvenec S.M., Bolton M.D., Soga K., Gui M.W., Mair R.J., Edmonds H., Chudleigh L.J. and Butler A.P. (1999) Field investigations of long-term ground loading on an old tunnel in London Clay. Proceedings of International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Tokyo, 179-184, Japanese Geotechnical Society. Paper as PDF (9,331k)

82. Lee S.W., Dasari G.R., Mair R.J., Bolton M.D., Soga K., Sugiyama T., Ano Y., Hagiwara T. and Nomoto M. (1999) The effects of compensation grouting on segmented tunnel linings. Proceedings of International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Tokyo, 217-222, Japanese Geotechnical Society. Paper as PDF (525k)

83. Sugiyama T., Nomoto T., Nomoto M., Ano Y., Hagiwara T., Mair R.J., Bolton M.D. and Soga K. (1999) Applications of compensation grouting to the Docklands Light Railway Lewisham Extension project in London. Proceedings of International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Tokyo, 287-292, Japanese Geotechnical Society. Paper as PDF (495k)

84. Soga K., Bolton M.D., Au S.W.K.A., Komiya K., Hamelin A., Van Cotthem A., Buchet G. and Michel J.P. (1999) Development of compensation grouting modelling and control system. Proceedings of International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Tokyo, 405-410, Japanese Geotechnical Society. Paper as PDF (492k)

85. Komiya K., Soga K., Akagi H., Hagiwara T. and Bolton M.D. (1999) Finite element modelling of excavation and advancement processes of a shield tunnelling machine. Soils and Foundations, 39, No. 3, 37-52. Paper as PDF (3,238k)

86. Sugiyama T., Hagiwara T., Nomoto T., Nomoto M., Ano Y., Mair R.J., Bolton M.D. and Soga K. (1999) Observations of ground movements during tunnel construction by slurry shield method at the docklands light railway Lewisham extension - East London. Soils and Foundations, 39, No. 3, 99-112. Paper as PDF (1,264k)

87. Chin C.Y. and Bolton M.D. (1999) Factors influencing hydro-fracture in clay, 13th ASCE Engineering Mechanics Conference, The John Hopkins University, Baltimore.

88. McKinley J.D. and Bolton M.D. (1999) A geotechnical description of fresh cement grout - filtration and consolidation behaviour. Magazine of Concrete Research, 51, No.5, 295-307. Paper as PDF (847k)

89. McDowell, G.R. and Bolton, M.D. (1999) Effect of particle size distribution on pile penetration in calcareous sand in the geotechnical centrifuge. Proc. 4th International Conference on Deep Foundation Practice incorporating Piletalk International '99, Singapore '99.Paper as PDF (2,162k)

90. El-Hamalawi A. and Bolton M.D. (1999) An a posteriori error estimator for plane-strain geotechnical analyses. Finite elements in analysis and design, 33, 335-354.Paper as PDF (901k)

91. Omine K., Ochiai H and Bolton M.D. (1999) Homogenization method for numerical analysis of improved ground with cement-treated soil columns. Proceedings of International Conference on Dry Mix Methods for Deep Soil Stabilization, Stockholm, October, 161-168.Paper as PDF (1,058k)

92. McDowell G.R. and Bolton M.D. (2000) Effect of particle size distribution on pile tip resistance in calcareous sand in the geotechnical centrifuge. Granular Matter, 2, No.4, 179-187. Paper as PDF (317k)

93. Lee S.W., Bolton M.D., Mair R.J., Soga K., Dasari G.R., Sugiyama T., Ano Y., Hagiwara T. and Nomoto M. (2000) The twin tunnels construction at Docklands Light Railway Lewisham Extension, London. International Conference on Advances in Strategic Technologies, UKM, Malaysia, August.

94. Bolton M.D. (2000) The role of micro-mechanics in soil mechanics. Proc. International Workshop on Soil Crushability, Ed. Hyodo M. and Nakata Y., Yamaguchi University, Japan, also in CUED/D-Soils/TR313, September. Paper as PDF (2,199k)

95. White D. J., Sidhu H.K., Finlay T.C.R, Bolton M.D., Nagayama T. (2000) Press-in Piling: The influence of plugging on driveability, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference of the Deep Foundations Institute, New York, October. Paper as PDF (568k)

96. Lee S.W., Bolton M.D., Mair R.J., Soga K., Dasari G.R. and Hagiwara T. (2000) The influence of injection sequence in compensation grouting. 53rd Canadian Geotechnical Conference, Montreal, October, 1013-1020.

97. Lee S.W., Bolton M.D., Dasari G.R., Mair R.J., Soga K., Sugiyama T., Ano Y., Hagiwara T. and Nomoto M. (2000) Centrifuge modelling of compensation grouting in dense dry sand. GeoEng 2000, Melbourne, November.

98. Lee S.W., Bolton M.D., Mair R.J., Soga K., Dasari G.R. and Hagiwara T. (2000) Modelling of injections in sand. International Conference on Tunnels and Underground Structures, Singapore, November, 665-670.

99. White D. J., Take W.A, Bolton M.D. (2001) Measuring soil deformation in geotechnical models using digital images and PIV analysis, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Tucson, Arizona, January. Paper as PDF (618k)

100. Lee S.W., Bolton M.D., Mair R.J., Hagiwara T., Soga K. and Dasari G.R. (2001) Centrifuge modelling of injections near tunnel linings. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 1, No.1, 9-24. Paper as PDF (1080k)

101. Lee S.W., Bolton M.D., Mair R.J., Soga K., Dasari G.R. and Hagiwara T. (2001) Soil Models and stress paths on injection in sand. Regional Conference on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Shanghai, April, 626-631.

102. Sharma J.S. and Bolton M.D. (2001) Centrifugal and numerical modelling of reinforced embankments on soft clay installed with wick drains. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 19, 23-44. Paper as PDF (945k)

103. Borghi X., White D.J., Bolton M.D. and Springman S.M. (2001) Empirical pile design based on CPT data: an explanation for the reduction of unit base resistance between CPTs and piles. 5th Internation Conference on Deep Foundation Practice, Singapore, April, 125-132. Paper as PDF (143k)

104. Finlay T.C.R., White D.J., Bolton M.D. and Nagayama T. (2001) Press-in piling: The installation of steel tubular piles with and without driving shoes. 5th Internation Conference on Deep Foundation Practice, Singapore, April, 199-208. Paper as PDF (208k)

105. Lee C.J., Bolton M.D. and Al-Tabbaa A. (2001) Recent findings on negative skin friction on piles and in pile groups in consolidating ground. 5th Internation Conference on Deep Foundation Practice, Singapore, April, 273-280. Paper as PDF (620k)

106. Cheng Y.P., White D.J., Bowman E.T., Bolton M.D. and Soga K. (2001) The observation of soil microstructure under load. 4th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media (Powders & Grains 2001), Sendai, May, 69-72.Paper as PDF (194k)

107. Robertson D. and Bolton M.D. (2001) DEM simulations of crushable grains and soils. 4th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media (Powders & Grains 2001), Sendai, May, 623-626. Paper as PDF (400k)

108. Lee S.W., Bolton M.D., Dasari G.R., Mair R.J., Soga K., and Hagiwara T. (2001) Centrifuge and numerical simulation of compensation grouting near tunnel linings. 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Istanbul, August. Paper as PDF (354k)

109. White D.J., Take W.A., Bolton M.D. & Munachen S.E. (2001) A deformation measuring system for geotechnical testing based on digital imaging, close-range photogrammetry, and PIV image analysis. 15th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Istanbul, August. Paper as PDF (589k)

110. Joer H., Bolton M.D. and Randolph M.R. (2001) Compression and crushing behaviour of calcareous soils. Proc. International Workshop on Soil Crushability, Ed. Hyodo M. and Nakata Y., Yamaguchi University, Japan. (in press)

111. White D.J., Barefoot A.J. & Bolton M.D. (2001) Centrifuge modelling of upheaval buckling in sand. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, No.2, 19-28.Paper as PDF (1,330k),Erratum as PDF (57k)

112. Komiya, K., Soga, K., Akagi, H., Jafari, M.R. & Bolton, M.D. (2001) Soil consolidation associated with grouting during shield tunnelling in soft clayey ground, Geotechnique, 51, (10), 835-847. Paper as PDF (3,160k), Disscusion as PDF (36k)

113. Jafari, M.R., Au, S.K.A., Soga, K., Bolton, M.D. and Komiya, K.(2001) Fundamental laboratory investigation of compensation grouting in clays, Geotechnical Special Publications No. 113, ASCE, 445-459.

114. McDowell, G.R., Bolton, M.D.  (2001) Micro mechanics of elastic soil. Soils and Foundations, 41, (6), 147-152.Paper as PDF (684k)

114B. Lynch R.J., Allersma H., Barker H., Bezuijen A., Bolton M.D., Cartwright M., Davies M.C.R., Depountis N., Esposito G., Garnier J, De Almeida Garrett J.L.L., Harris C., Kechavarzi C., Oung O., Da Silva M.A.G., Santos C., Sentenac P., Soga K., Spiessl S.,Taylor R.N., Treadaway A.C.J. & Westrate F. (2001) Development of sensors, probes and imaging techniques for pollutant monitoring in geo-environmental model tests, International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 4, 17-27. Paper as PDF (2,611k)

114C. Sentenac P., Lynch R.J & Bolton M.D. (2001) Measurement of a side-wall boundary effect in soil columns using fibre-optics sensing, International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 4, 35-41. Paper as PDF (1,150k)

115. Pena A., Harris N.G., Bolton M.D., Czosnyka M. and Pickard J.D.(2002) Communicating hydrocephalus: the biomechanics of progressive ventricular enlargement revisited. Acta Neurochir, 81, 59-63, Springer-Verlag.Paper as PDF (360k)

116. El-Hamalawi A. and Bolton M.D.  (2002) An a posteriori error estimation in axisymmetric geotechnical analyses. Computers and Geotechnics, 29, 587-607.Paper as PDF (613k)

117. White D. J., Finlay T.C.R., Bolton M.D. & Bearss G. (2002) Press-in piling: Ground vibration and noise during pile installation. Proc. Int. Deep Foundations Congress, Orlando, USA. ASCE Special Publication 116, 363-371.Paper as PDF (489k)

118. Gui, M.W., Soga, K., Bolton, M.D. and Hamelin, J.P. (2002) Instrumented borehole drilling for subsurface investigation. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 128, (4), 283-291.Paper as PDF (505k)

119. Lee, C.J., Bolton, M.D. and Al-Tabbaa, A. (2002) Numerical modelling of group effects on the distribution of dragloads in pile foundations. Geotechnique, 52, (5), 325-335.Paper as PDF (630k)

120. Take, W.A. & Bolton, M.D. (2002) A new device for the measurement of negative pore water pressures in centrifuge models. Int. Conf. Physical Modelling Geotechnics, St. John's, Newfoundland, 89-94, Balkema, Rotterdam.Paper as PDF (214k)

121. Take, W.A. & Bolton, M.D. (2002) An atmospheric chamber for the investigation of the effect of seasonal moisture changes on clay slopes, Int. Conf. Physical Modelling Geotechnics, St. John's, Newfoundland, 765-770, Balkema, Rotterdam.Paper as PDF (902k)

122. White D. J. & Bolton, M.D. (2002) Soil deformation around a displacement pile in sand. Proc. Int. Conf. on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics. St John's, Newfoundland, 649-654, Balkema, Rotterdam.Paper as PDF (317k)

123. Take, W.A. & Bolton, M.D. (2002) The use of centrifuge modelling to investigate progressive failure of overconsolidated clay embankments. Centrifuge and Constitutive Modelling: Two Extremes, 191-197, Springman S.M. (ed.), Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse.Paper as PDF (378k)

124. White D. J. & Bolton, M.D. (2002) Observing friction fatigue on a jacked pile. Centrifuge and Constitutive Modelling: Two Extremes, 347-354, Springman S.M. (ed.), Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse.Paper as PDF (918k)

125. Bolton, M.D. and Cheng, Y.P. (2002) Micro-geomechanics. Constitutive and Centrifuge Modelling: Two Extremes, 59-74, Springman, S.M. (ed.), Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse.Paper as PDF (3,276k)

126. Au, S.K.A., Soga, K. and Bolton M.D. (2002) Effect of multiple injection on long-term compensation grouting - laboratory and numerical studies. 4th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground.

127. Au, S.K.A., Soga, K., Jafari, M.R., Bolton, M.D. and Komiya, K. (2003) Factors affecting long-term efficiency of compensation grouting in clays. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, 254-262.Paper as PDF (977k)

128. Take, W.A., and Bolton, M.D. (2003) Tensiometer saturation and the reliable measurement of matric suction. Geotechnique, 53, (2), 159-172.Paper as PDF (427k),Discussion as PDF (113k)

129. Cheng, Y.P., Nakata Y. and Bolton M.D. (2003) Discrete element simulation of crushable soil. Geotechnique, 53, (7), 633-641.Paper as PDF (557k)

130. White D.J., Bolton M.D. & Wako C. (2003) A novel urban foundation system using pressed-in H-piles. 13th Eur. Conf. on Soil Mech. & Geotech Engng, Prague, 2, 425-430.Paper as PDF (2,800k)

131. Yetginer A.G., White D.J. & Bolton M.D. (2003) Press-in piling: field testing of cell foundations. BGA Int. Conf. on Foundations, Dundee, Scotland, 963-974.Paper as PDF (205k)

132. Rockhill D.J., White D.J. & Bolton M.D. (2003) Ground vibrations due to piling operations. BGA Int. Conf. on Foundations, Dundee, Scotland, 743-756.Paper as PDF (1,460k)

133. White D.J., Take W.A. & Bolton M.D. (2003) Soil deformation measurement using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and photogrammetry. Geotechnique, 53, (7), 619-632.Paper as PDF (1,050k)

134. Soga K., Au S.K.A. & Bolton M.D. (2003) Effect of injection rate on clay-grout behavior for compensation grouting. International conference on grouting and ground treatment. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication 120, 845-856.

135. Palmer, A.C., White, D.J., Baumgard, A.J., Bolton, M.D., Barefoot, A.J., Finch, M., Powell, T., Faranski, A.S. and Baldry, J.A.S. (2003) Uplift resistance of buried submarine piplines: comparison between centrifuge modelling and full-scale tests.,  Geotechnique 53, (10), 877-883.Paper as PDF (318k)

136. Bolton, M.D., Take, W.A., Wong, P.C.P. and Yeung, F.J. (2003) Mechanisms of failure in fill slopes after intense rainfall. International Conference on Slope Engineering, Hong Kond, December, (1), 1-25.

137. Soga, K., Au, S.K.A., Jafari, M.R. and Bolton, M.D. (2004) Laboratory investigation of multiple grout injections into clay.Geotechnique, 54, (2), 81-90.Paper as PDF (676k)

138. Cheng, Y.P., Bolton, M.D. and Nakata, Y. (2004) Crushing and plastic deformation of soils simulated using DEM. Geotechnique, 54, (2), 131-141.Paper as PDF (594k)

139. Bhattacharya S., Madabhushi S.P.G. and Bolton M.D. (2004) An alternative mechanism of pile failure in liquefiable deposits during earthquakes. Geotechnique, 54, (3), 203-213. Paper as PDF (704k)

140. Take, W. and Bolton, M.D. (2004) Identification of seasonal slope behaviour mechanisms from centrifuge case studies. Proceedings of the Skempton conference: Advances in geotechnical engineering, Eds. Jardine, R.J., Potts, D.M., Higgins, K.G., Institution of Civil Engineers, 2, 992-1004. Paper as PDF (1096k)

141. Bhattacharya, S. and Bolton, M.D. (2004) Errors in design leading to pile failures during seismic liquefaction. Proc. 5th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering, New York, April. Paper as PDF (661k)

142. Doyle, E.H., Dean, E.T.R., Sharma, J.S., Bolton, M.D., Valsangkar, A.J. and Newlin, J.S. (2004) Centrifuge model tests on anchor piles for tension leg platforms. OTC 16845, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, May. Paper as PDF (426k)

143. Osman, A.S. and Bolton, M.D. (2004) A new approach to the estimation of undrained settlement of shallow foundations on soft clay. IS-Osaka 2004, International Symposium on Engineering Practice and Performance of Soft Deposits, Osaka, June, 93-98 Paper as PDF (349K)

144. Davy, C.A., Bolton, M.D. and Fleck, N.A. (2004) The shearing behaviour of a sugar aggregate. Acta Materialia, 52 (12), 3587-3601. Paper as PDF 1555K)

145. Osman, A.S. and Bolton, M.D. (2004) A new design method for retaining walls in clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 41 (3), 451-466. Paper as PDF (637k)

146. White D.J. & Bolton M.D. (2004) Displacement and strain paths during plane strain model pile installation in sand. Geotechnique, 54 (6), 375-397. Paper as PDF

147. Osman, A.S. and Bolton, M.D. (2004) Avoiding excessive displacements: a new design approach for retaining walls. International Conference on Structural and Foundation Failures, August, Singapore.Paper as PDF

148. Osman, A.S., Yeow, Y.C. and Bolton, M.D. (2004) Estimation of undrained settlement of shallow foundations on London clay. International Conference on Structural and Foundation Failures, August, Singapore.Paper as PDF (161k)

149. Take, W.A., Bolton, M.D., Wong, P.C.P. and Yeung, F.J. (2004) Evaluation of landslide triggering mechanisms in model fill slopes. Landslides, Springer, 1 (3), 173-184.Paper as PDF (457kb)

150. Silva, M. and Bolton, M.D. (2004) Centrifuge pemetration tests in saturated layered sands. 2nd International Conference on Site Characterisation, ISC-2, Porto, September, 1, 377-384.Paper as PDF (586K)

151. White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2005) Comparing CPT and pile base resistance in sand. Proc. Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering 158 (GE1), 3-14. Paper as PDF (261K)

152. Gourvenec, S.M., Mair, R.J., Bolton, M.D. and Soga, K. (2005) Ground conditions around an old tunnel in London Clay. Proc. Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering 158 (GE1), 25-33 Paper as PDF (312k)

153. White D.J., Take W.A. & Bolton M.D. (2005) Discussion on: Sadek S., Iskander M.G. & Liu J. (2003) Accuracy of digital image correlation for measuring deformations in transparent media. ASCE J. Computing in Civil Engineering 17(2):88-96. Paper as PDF (426k)

154. Osman, A.S. and Bolton, M.D. (2005) Simple plasticity-based prediction of the undrained settlement of shallow circular foundations on clay. Geotechnique. Paper as PDF (302k)

155. Bhattacharya, S., Bolton, M.D. and Madabhushi, S.P.G. (2005) A reconsideration of the safety of piled bridge foundations in liquefiable soils. Soils and Foundations. Paper as PDF (415k)

156. Silva, M. F. and Bolton, M. D. (2005) Interpretation of centrifuge piezocone tests in dilatant, low plasticity silts. International Conference on Problematic Soils. Cyprus. Paper as PDF (107k)

157. duplicate removed

158. Nakata, Y., Bolton, M.D. and Cheng, Y.P. (2005) Relating particle characteristics to macro behaviour of DEM crushable material. 5th International Conference on the Micromechanics of Granular Media, Powders and Grains (2005), Stuttgart, July. (2) 1387-1391 Paper as PDF (415k)

159. Cheng, Y.P., Bolton, M.D. and Nakata Y. (2005) Grain crushing and critical states observed in DEM simulations. 5th International Conference on the Micromechanics of Granular Media, Powders and Grains (2005), Stuttgart, July (2) 1393-1397 Paper as PDF (148k)

160. Marketos, G. and Bolton M. D. (2005) Compaction bands as observed in DEM simulations. 5th International Conference on the Micromechanics of Granular Media, Powders and Grains (2005), Stuttgart, July (2) 1405-1408 Paper as PDF (110k)

161. Osman, A.S. and Bolton, M.D. (2005) Teaching geotechnical engineers to avoid excessive deformations. 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Osaka, September (4) 2837-2840 Paper as PDF (127k)

162. Chua, H.Y. and Bolton, M.D. (2005) Modelling of horizontal arching on retaining walls. 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Osaka, September 2005. Vol. 3, 1455-1459. Paper as PDF (86.1k)

163. Cheuk, C.Y. White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2005) Deformation mechanisms during uplift of buried pipes in sand. 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Osaka, September. (2), 1685-1688. Paper as PDF(268K)

164. Deeks, A.D., White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2005) A comparison of jacked, driven and bored piles in sand. 16th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Osaka, September 2005. (2), 2103-2106 Paper as PDF(1727k)

165. Osman, A.S. and Bolton, M.D. (2005) Ground movement predictions for braced excavations in clay. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. 132 (4), 465-477 Paper as PDF (415k)

166. Silva, M.F., White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2006) An analytical study of the effect of penetration rate on piezocone tests in clay. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 30, 501-527.  Paper as PDF (334k)

167. Osman A.S. and Bolton M.D. (2006) Design of braced excavations to limit ground movements. Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering 159 (3), 167-175. Paper as PDF (334k)

168. Yetginer, A.G., White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2006) Field measurements of the stiffness of jacked piles and pile groups. Geotechnique 56 (5), 349-354. Paper as PDF (318k)

169. de Groot MB, Bolton MD, Foray P, et al.(2006) Physics of liquefaction phenomena around marine structures. ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 132 (4), 227-243. Paper as PDF (318k)

170. Teh, T.C., Palmer, A.C., Bolton, M.D., et al. (2006) Stability of submarine pipelines on liquefied seabeds. ASCE Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean Engineering 132 (4), 244-251. Paper as PDF (156K)

171. Cheuk, C. Y. and Bolton, M. D. (2006) A technique for modelling the lateral stability of on-bottom pipelines in a small drum centrifuge. Sixth International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Hong Kong, August, 1, 715-721. Paper as PDF (121K)

172. Chua, H.Y. and Bolton, M.D. (2006) The use of centrifuge tests in the study of arching. Sixth International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Hong Kong, August, 2, 1075-1080. (Paper as PDF 102K)

173. Lee, Y.S. and Bolton, M. D. (2006) Centrifugal modelling of landslide triggering mechanism in layered fill slopes. Sixth International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Hong Kong, August, 1, 355-360.

174. Zhao, Y.and Bolton, M.D. (2006) In situ seismic monitoring in centrifuge piling tests. Sixth International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Hong Kong, August, 2, 907-912. Paper as PDF (167K)

175. Marketos, G. and Bolton, M.D. (2006) A statistical investigation of particle crushing in sand. International Symposium on Geomechanics and Geotechnics of Particulate Behaviour, Yamaguchi, September, 247-252. Paper as PDF

176. Osman, A.S., Mair, R.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2006) On the kinematics of 2D tunnel collapse in undrained clay. Geotechnique, 56 (9), 585-595. Paper as PDF

177. Osman, A.S., Bolton, M.D. and Mair, R.J. (2006) Predicting 2D ground movements around tunnels in undrained clay. Geotechnique, 56 (9), 597-604. Paper as PDF

178. Sentenac, P., Lynch, R.J., Bolton, M.D., Taylor, R.N. (2006) The influence of water-miscible solvents on the permeability of clay. Proceedings ISSMGE 5th Int. Congress on Environmental Geotechnics, 1, 636-643. Paper as PDF

179. Sentenac, P., Lynch, R.J., Bolton, M.D., Taylor, R.N. (2007) Alcohol's effect on the hydraulic conductivity of consolidated clay. Environmental Geology, 52 (8), 1595-1600. Paper as PDF

180. Cheuk, C.Y., Take, W.A., Bolton, M.D., Oliveira, J.R.M.S. (2007) Soil restraint on buckling oil and gas pipelines buried in lumpy clay fill. Engineering Structures, 29 (6), 973-982. Paper as PDF

181. Marketos, G., Bolton, M.D. (2007) Quantifying the extent of crushing in granular materials: A probability-based predictive method. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 55 (10), 2142-2156. Paper as PDF

182. Thusyanthan, N.I., Take, W.A., Madabhushi, S.P.G., and Bolton, M.D. (2007) Crack initiation in clay observed in beam bending. Geotechnique 57 (7), 581-594. Paper as PDF

183. Osman, A.S., White, D.J., Britto, A.M. and Bolton, M.D. (2007) Simple prediction of the undrained displacement of a circular surface foundation on non-linear soil. Geotechnique, 57 (9), 729-737. Paper as PDF

184. Cheuk, C.Y., White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2007) Large-scale modelling of soil-pipe interaction during large amplitude cyclic movements of partially embedded pipelines. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 44 (8), 977-996. Paper as PDF

184B. Klar, A., Osman, A. S., and Bolton, M. D.  (2007) 2D and 3D upper bound solutions for tunnel excavation using 'elastic' flow fields, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 31 (12):1367-1374. Paper as PDF (218k)

185. Osman, A. and Bolton, M. (2007) Back analysis of three case histories of braced excavations in Boston Blue Clay using MSD method. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Soft Soil Engineering, Vancouver, 755-764. Paper as PDF

186. Cheuk, C.Y., White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2008) Reply to the discussion by McCarron on "large-scale modelling of soil-pipe interaction during large amplitude cyclic movements of partially embedded pipelines". Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45(5), 744-749. Paper as PDF

187. Cheuk, C.Y., White, D.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2008) Uplift mechanisms of pipes buried in sand. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 134 (2),154-163. Paper as PDF

188. Bolton, M.D., Nakata, Y. and Cheng, Y.P. (2008) Micro- and macro-mechanical behaviour of DEM crushable materials. Geotechnique 58 (6), 471-480. Paper as PDF

189. Bolton, M.D., Lam, S.Y., Osman, A.S. (2008) Supporting excavations in clay - from analysis to decision-making. Keynote Lecture, 6th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, IS-Shanghai. Paper as PDF

190. Thusyanthan, N.I., Ganesan, S.A., Bolton, M.D., and Allan, P. (2008) Upheaval buckling resistance of pipelines buried in clayey backfill. Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 174-180. Paper as PDF

191. White, D.J., Cheuk, C.Y., and Bolton, M.D. (2008) The uplift resistance of pipes and plate anchors buried in sand. Geotechnique 58 (10), 771-779. Paper as PDF

192. Lee, Y.S., Cheuk, C.Y., and Bolton, M.D. (2008) Instability caused by a seepage impediment in layered fill slopes. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45(10), 1410-1425. Paper as PDF

193. Kuo, M.Y. and Bolton, M.D. (2009) Soil characterization of deep sea West African clays: Is biology a source of mechanical strength? Proceedings of the International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference, 488-494. Paper as PDF

194. Marketos, G. and Bolton, M.D. (2009) Compaction bands simulated in Discrete Element Models. Journal of Structural Geology, 31(5), 479-490. Paper as PDF

195. Lo, C.Y., Bolton, M. and Cheng, Y.P. (2009) Discrete element simulation of granular column collapse. Powders and Grains 2009: Proceedings of the 6th international Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media, Golden, Colorado, 627-630. Paper as PDF

196. Lam, S.Y., Elshafie, M.Z.E.B., Haigh, S.K. and Bolton M.D. (2010) Centrifuge modeling of deep excavation in soft clay. Proc 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Zurich, 1, 475-480. Paper as PDF

197. Ma, X.F., Zhang, H.H., Yu, L., Lam, S.Y. and Bolton, M.D. (2010) Case study on a deep excavation in soft ground by centrifuge mopdel tests. Proc 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Zurich, 1, 487-492. Paper as PDF

198. Li, Z., Haigh, S.K. and Bolton, M.D. (2010) Centrifuge modelling of monopile under cyclic lateral loads. Proc 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Zurich, 2, 965-970. Paper as PDF

199. Gue, C.S., Soga, K., Bolton, M.D. and Thusyanthan, N.I. (2010) Centrifuge modelling of submarine landslide flows. Proc 7th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, Zurich, 2, 1113-1118. Paper as PDF

200. Bolton, M.D., Lam, S.Y. and Vardanega, P.J. (2010) Predicting and controlling ground movements around deep excavations. Keynote lecture, in Geotechnical Challenges in Urban Regeneration, the 11th International Conference of the DFI-EFFC, London. Paper as PDF

201. Kwok, C.Y. and Bolton, M.D. (2010) DEM simulations of thermally activated creep in soils. Geotechnique, 60(6), 425-433. Paper as PDF

202. Li, Z., Haigh, S.K. and Bolton, M.D. (2010) The behavior of a single pile under cyclic axial loads, Proceedings of the 2010 GeoShanghai International Conference on Deep Foundations and Geotechnical In Situ Testing, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication (205 GSP), pp. 143-148. Paper as PDF

203. Lo, C.Y., Bolton, M.D. and Cheng, Y.P. (2010) Velocity fields of granular flows down a rough incline: a DEM investigation. Granular Matter, 12(5), 477-482. Paper as PDF

204. Marketos, G. and Bolton, M.D. (2010) Flat boundaries and their effect on sand testing. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 34(8), 821-837. Paper as PDF

205. Lam, S.Y. , Ma, X. , Bolton, M.D. (2010) Analysis of case histories on deep excavations in marine clay. GeoShanghai International Conference on Deep Foundations and Geotechnical In Situ Testing, ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication (206 GSP), 37-42. Paper as PDF

206. Kuo, M.Y-H., Bolton, M.D., Hill, A.J. and Rattley, M. (2010) New evidence for the origin and behaviour of deep ocean ‘crusts’. International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, Gourvenec and White (Eds.), Perth WA. Paper as PDF

207. Lau, C.K. and Bolton, M.D. (2011) The bearing capacity of footings on granular soils I: Numerical analysis. Geotechnique 61(8), 627-638. Paper as PDF

208. Lau, C.K. and Bolton, M.D. (2011) The bearing capacity of footings on granular soils II: Experimental evidence. Geotechnique 61(8), 639-650. Paper as PDF

209. Kuo, M.Y-H., Bolton, M.D. (2011) Faecal pellets in deep marine soft clay crusts: implications for hot-oil pipeline design. Proceedings of 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering, OMAE 2011-49399, Rotterdam. Paper as PDF

210. Lam, S.Y., Bolton, M.D. (2011) Energy conservation as a principle underlying mobilizable strength design for deep excavations. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 137(11), 1062-1074. Paper as PDF

211. Take, W.A. and Bolton, M.D (2011) Seasonal ratcheting and softening in clay slopes, leading to first-time failure. Geotechnique 61(9): 757-769. Paper as PDF

212. Vardanega, P.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2011) Strength mobilization in clays and silts. Canadian Geotechnical Journal 48(10):1485-1503. Paper as PDF   Corrigendum as PDF.

213. Vardanega, P.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2011) Predicting Shear Strength Mobilisation of London Clay. In: Geotechnics of Hard Soils - Weak Rocks (Anagnostopoulos et al. Eds) 1, 487-492, Proceedings 15th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 12-15th Sept., 2011, Athens, Greece (ISBN 978-1-60750-800-7). Paper as PDF

213B. McMahon, B.T. and Bolton, M.D. (2011) Experimentally observed settlements beneath shallow foundations on sand. In: Geotechnics of Hard Soils - Weak Rocks (Anagnostopoulos et al. Eds) 2, 749-754, Proceedings 15th European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 12-15th Sept., 2011, Athens, Greece (ISBN 978-1-60750-800-7). Paper as PDF Paper as PDF (317k)

214. Vardanega, P.J. and Bolton, M.D. (2011) Practical methods to estimate the non-linear shear stiffness of clays and silts, In: Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials (Chung et al, Eds) 1, 372-379, Proceedings 5th International Conference on the deformation of Geo-materials, 31st Aug. - 3rd Sept., 2011, Seoul, Korea (ISBN 978-89-5708-205-8). Paper as PDF

214B. Oztoprak, S. and Bolton, M.D. (2011) Parameter calibration of a modified hyperbolic model for sands using pressuremeter test data. In: Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials (Chung et al, Eds) 2, 949-956, Proceedings 5th International Conference on the deformation of Geo-materials, 31st Aug. - 3rd Sept., 2011, Seoul, Korea (ISBN 978-89-5708-205-8). Paper as PDF (5,957k)

215. Lam, S.Y., Elshafie, M.Z.E.B., Haigh, S.K. and Bolton, M.D. (2012) A new apparatus for modelling excavations. International Journal of Physical Modeling in Geotechnics 12 (1): 24-38. Paper as PDF

216. Vardanega, P.J., Lau, B.H., Lam, S.Y., Haigh, S.K., Madabhushi S.P.G., Bolton, M.D. (2012) Laboratory measurement of strength mobilisation in kaolin: link to stress history, Geotechnique Letters 2 (January-March): 9-15. DOI: 10.1680/geolett.12.00003.  Paper as PDF.  Discussion as PDF.

217. Li, Z., Haigh, S.K. and Bolton, M.D. (2012) Effect of previous cyclic axial loads on pile groups, International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 12(1):15-23.  Paper as PDF

218. Vardanega, P.J., Williamson, M.G. and Bolton, M.D. (2012) Bored pile design in stiff clay II: mechanisms and uncertainty, Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers, Geotechnical Engineering 165(4):233-246.  Paper as PDF.   Corrigendum as PDF.

219. Li, Z., Bolton, M.D., Haigh, S.K. (2012) Cyclic axial behaviour of piles and pile groups in sand, Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49 (9):1074-1087.  Paper as PDF.

220. Lam, S.Y., Haigh, S.K., Bolton, M.D. (2012) Understanding ground deformation mechanisms during multi-propped excavation in soft clay, Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground , 377-385.  Paper as PDF.

221. Oztoprak, S. and Bolton, M.D. (2013) Stiffness of sands through a laboratory test database, Geotechnique 63(1):54-70.  Paper as PDF.

222. Haigh, S.K., Vardanega, P.J., Bolton, M.D. (2013) The plastic limit of clays, Geotechnique 63 (6): 435-440.  Paper as PDF.

223. Kuo, M.Y. and Bolton, M.D. (2013) The nature and origin of deep ocean clay crust from the Gulf of Guinea, Geotechnique 63 (6): 500 –509.  Paper as PDF.

224. McMahon, B.T., Haigh, S.K. and Bolton, M.D. (2013) Cavity expansion model for the bearing capacity and settlement of circular shallow foundations on clay, Geotechnique 63 (9):746-752.  Paper as PDF.

225. Shepley, P., & Bolton, M. D. (2013) Water supply to a geotechnical centrifuge. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 13 (3): 99-110.  Paper as PDF

226. Vardanega, P. J., & Bolton, M. D. (2013) Stiffness of clays and silts: Normalizing shear modulus and shear strain. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 139 (9), 1575-1589.  Paper as PDF

227. Ganesan, S.A. and Bolton, M.D. (2013) Characterisation of a high-plasticity marine clay using a T-bar penetrometer, Underwater Technology 31 (4); 179-185.  Paper as PDF.

228. Kwok, C.Y. and Bolton, M.D. (2013) DEM simulations of soil creep due to particle crushing. Geotechnique 63 (16): 1365-1376.  Paper as PDF.

229. McMahon, B.T., Haigh, S.K. and Bolton, M.D. (2013) Optimal displacement mechanisms beneath shallow foundations on linear-elastic perfectly plastic soil. Geotechnique 63 (16): 1447-1450.  Paper as PDF.

230. Hird, R., & Bolton, M. D. (2014) Upward migration of sodium chloride by crystallization on non-porous surfaces. Philosophical Magazine, 94 (1): 78-91. Paper as PDF (1,119k)

231. Shepley, P., & Bolton, M.D. (2014) Water supply to a geotechnical centrifuge for pile jetting in sand. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, ICPMG 2014, Perth, 1, 281-287. Paper as PDF (8,365k)

232. Ganesan, S., Kuo, M., Bolton, M.D. (2014) Influences on pipeline interface friction measured in direct shear tests. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 37 (1). Paper as PDF (2,381k)

233. McMahon, B.T., Bolton, M.D. (2014) Centrifuge experiments on the settlement of circular foundations on clay. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 51 (6): 610-620. Paper as PDF (1,148k)

234. Li, Y., Talesnick, M. & Bolton, M.D. (2014) Use of null gauges to monitor soil stresses during excavation in a centrifuge. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 14(2): 40–53. Paper as PDF (2,215k)                      

235. Bolton, M.D., Lam, S.-Y., Vardanega, P.J., Ng, C.W.W., Ma, X. (2014) Ground movements due to deep excavations in Shanghai: Design charts. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 8 (3): 201-236. Paper as PDF (1,893k)        

236. McMahon, B.T., Haigh, S.K., Bolton, M.D. (2014) Bearing capacity and settlement of circular shallow foundations using a nonlinear constitutive relationship  Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51 (9): 995-1003. Paper as PDF (471k)

237. Lam, S.Y., Haigh, S.K., Bolton, M.D. (2014) Understanding ground deformation mechanisms for multi-propped excavation in soft clay. Soils and Foundations, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.04.005Paper as PDF (5,645k)

238. Li, Y. & Bolton, M.D. (2014) Energy conservation validates deformation mechanisms around model cantilever wall excavations in sand. Geotechnique 64 (6): 419-429. Paper as PDF (454k)

239. Vardanega, P. J., & Bolton, M. D. (2014) Stiffness of clays and silts: Modeling considerations. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001104. Paper as PDF (1,171k)

240. Kuo, M. & Bolton, M.D. (2014) Shear tests on deep-ocean clay crust from the Gulf of Guinea. Geotechnique, 64 (4), 249-257. Paper as PDF (4,921k)

241. Kuo, M.Y., Vincent, C.M., Bolton, M.D., Hill, A. & Rattley, M. (2015) A new torsional shear device for pipeline interface shear testing. Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics III - Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics, ISFOG 2015, 405-410. Paper as PDF (928k)

242. Ishihara, Y., Haigh, S., Bolton, M. (2015) Estimating base resistance and N value in rotary press-in. Soils and Foundations, 55 (4), 788-797. Paper as PDF (2,183k)

243. Kuo, M.Y.-H., Bolton, M.D. (2015) Imaging of crushable grains when shearing against rough interfaces. Geomechanics from Micro to Macro - Proceedings of the TC105 ISSMGE International Symposium on Geomechanics from Micro to Macro, IS-Cambridge 2014, 2, 1049-1054. 

244. Vardanega, P.J. & Bolton, M.D. (2016) Discussion of "Characterization of Model Uncertainty for Cantilever Deflections in Undrained Clay" by D. M. Zhang, K. K. Phoon, H. W. Huang, and Q. F. Hu (2016) Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 142 (1).

245. Hird, R. & Bolton, M.D. (2016) Migration of sodium chloride in dry porous materials. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 472 (2186). Paper as PDF (1,887k)

246. Vardanega, P. J. & Bolton, M. D. (2016) Design of Geostructural Systems. ASCE-ASME Journal of Risk and Uncertainty in Engineering Systems, Part A: Civil Engineering, 2(1): 04015017, http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/AJRUA6.0000849Paper as PDF (1,251k)

247. Vardanega, P. J. & Bolton, M. D. (2016) Discussion of "Undrained Young's modulus of fine-grained soils", by Casey, B., Germaine, K.T., Abdulhadi, N.O., Kontopoulos, N.S. and Jones, C.A. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 142 (10).

248. Hird, R. & Bolton, M.D. (2016) Measurement of relative humidity to monitor salt migration in unsaturated porous media. Transport in Porous Media, 112(3), 749-763. Paper as PDF (2,005k)

249. Hird, R. &Bolton, M.D. (2017) Clarification of capillary rise in dry sand. Engineering Geology 230:77-83. Paper as PDF (1,585k)

250. Ouyang, Y., Hird, R., Bolton, M.D. (2017) The use of fibre optic distributed sensing technology to detect changes in sediment overburden, Underwater Technology, 34(2): 63-74. Paper as PDF (962k)

251. He, X., Liang, D. & Bolton, M.D. (2018) Run-out of cut-slope landslides: mesh-free simulations, Geotechnique 68 (1): 50-63. Paper as PDF (858k)

252, Vardanega, P.J., Bolton, M.D., Haigh, S.K., Whittle, R.W., Klar, A. & Williamson, M.G. (2021). Simplified stress-strain models applied to data from triaxial and pressuremeter tests on London Clay. In: Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground: Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, IS-Cambridge 2022, Cambridge, United Kingdom, 27-29 June 2022 (Elshafie, M.Z.E.B, Viggiani, G.M.B. & Mair, R.J. (eds.)). CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, The Netherlands, pp. 430-437 https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429321559-56